新视野大学英语4课文翻译完整版_新视野大学英语4课文翻译第八单元( 二 )

“好啊，”她表示同意。
“‘绝对判断’是指在证据不足的情况下所作出的推断，比方说：运动是有姨的，所以每个人都应该运动，”
她点头表示赞同。
6.I could see she was stumped.”Polly,”I explained,”it’s too simple a generalization. If you have,say,heart disease or extreme obesity, exercise is bad,not good.Therefore, you must say exercise is good for most people.”
6.我看得出她没弄明白。“波莉，”我解释说，“这个推荐太过简单化了。去过你有心脏病或者超级肥胖症什么的，运动就变得有害而不是有益。所以你应该说，运动对大多数人来说是有益的。”
7.“Next is Hasty Generalization.Self-explanatory,right?Listen carefully:You can’t speak French.Rob can’t speak French.Looks like nobody at this school can speak French.”
7.“接下来是‘草率结论’ 。这似乎不言自明，对吧?仔细听好了：你不会说法语，罗伯不会铄法语，那么这所学校里好像是没有人会说法语。”
8.“Really?”said Polly,amazed.”Nobody?”
“This is a fallacy,”I said.”The generalization is reached too hastily. Too few instances support such a conclusion.”
She seemed to have a good time. I could safely say my plan was underway.I took her home and set a date for another conversation.
Seated under the oak the next evening I said,”Our first fallacy tonight is called Ad Misericordiam.”
She nodded with delight.
“Listen closely,”I said .”A man applies for a job.When the boss asks him what his qualifications are,he says he six children to feed.”
“Oh,this is awful,awful,”she whispered in a choked voice.
“yes,it’s awful,”I agreed，”but it’s no argument.The man never answered the boss’s question.Instead he appealed to the boss’s sympathy-Ad Misericordiam.”
8.“是吗?”波莉吃惊地说。“没有人吗?”
“这也是一种逻辑谬误。”我说，“这一结论太草率了，因为能够支持这一结论的例证太少了。”
她似乎学的很开心，而我也可以放心第说我得计划正在稳步推进中。我把她送回家，并且定下了下一次约会交谈的日子。
第二天晚上，坐在那棵橡树下，我说：“今天晚上我们要谈的第一个逻辑谬论叫做‘文不对题’ 。”
她高兴地点了点头。
“听好了，”我说，“有个人去申请工作，当老板问他有什么应聘资格时，他说他有六个孩子要抚养。”
“哇，这太可怕了，太可怕了。”她哽咽着轻声说道。
“对，是挺可怕的，”我表示赞同地说，“但这不是理由。这个人根本没有回答老板的问题，而只是在博取老板的同情，这就是‘文不对题’ 。”
9.She blinked,still trying hard to keep back her tears.
“Next,”I said carefully,”we will discuss False Analogy.An example.students should be allowed to look at their textbooks during exams,because surgeons have X-rays to guide them during surgery.”
“I like that idea,”she said.
“Polly,”I groaned,”don’t derail the discussion.The inference is wrong.Doctors aren’t taking a test to see how mach they have learned ,but students are.The situations are altogether different.You can’t make an*** ogy between them.”
“I still think it’s a good idea,”said Polly.
9.她眨着眼睛，仍在竭力的忍住眼泪。
“接下来”，我小心的说，“我们来讨论‘错误类比’ 。举个例子：学生考试时应当允许看课本，因为外科医生在做手术时可以看x光片。”
“我喜欢这个主意，”她说。
“波莉，”我抱怨道，“别打岔这一推论是错误的。医生们不是在参加考试以检查他们学到了多少，而学生却是，他们的情况完全不同，你不能将他们类比。”