破折号的意思有哪些作用？破折号的意思有几种( 二 )

（2）对内容进行强调
写作中

文章插图
Britain’s fisherfolk fret about being sold down the river—yet again
又比如：
Many employees—mostly recent graduates with student loans—must ride the bus to work.
写作中我们可以使用圆括号（parentheses）来对句子内容进行强调，比如：
Upon discovering the errors (all 124 of them), the publisher immediately recalled the books.
如果我们需要进一步强调内容，可以改用破折号，因为破折号更明显，给人的感觉更直观，例如：
Upon discovering the errors?—all 124 of them?—the publisher immediately recalled the books.
这样更加突出"all 124 of them"这一信息。
（3）归纳概括
Male and female, old and young, short and tall—people of all shapes and sizes can participate in activities at the community center.
这里破折号后面people of all shapes and sizes对前面列举的几个人物特点进行总结。又比如：
Reliability, trustworthiness, diligence—this company only hires employees with all of these traits.
（4）代替逗号以及冒号
当英文中出现并列成分时我们会用逗号将并列成分分开，但有时候只用逗号可能会使版面不美观，比如：
My cousins, Oliver, Harry, and Lyra, cannot attend my birthday party.
The teacher wrote the titles of the books, The Golden Compass, The Subtle Knife, and The Amber Spyglass, on the board.
在这种情况下可以使用破折号来代替，比如上面句子可以改为：
My cousins—Oliver, Harry, and Lyra—cannot attend my birthday party.
The teacher wrote the titles of the books—The Golden Compass, The Subtle Knife, and The Amber Spyglass—on the board.
破折号在一些情况下也可以代替冒号用于强调，比如：
After months of deliberation, the jurors reached a unanimous verdict?: guilty.
After months of deliberation, the jurors reached a unanimous verdict?—guilty.
英文破折号除了上面这几个用法之外，还可以在文学作品中表示语气的中断或转折，以及字句的省略等等，各位同学在日常阅读中可以多加留意体会。
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