被动语态的用法归纳_简述被动语态的用法( 二 )

被动：
This speech was delivered by comrade Wang. （“was delivered”即为一般过去时的被动态）
这是王同志的讲演。
There was a serious train accident near the border. Two people were killed and twelve were injured.
边境发生非常严重列车事故，两人死亡，十二人受伤。
A person who is truly honest is called a straight arrow.
直言不讳的人才是真正诚实的人。
A note was passed up to the speaker.
有人给讲演者递上来一张纸条。
John was elected president of the class instead of Harry.
乔治被选为班长来代替亨利。
Volcanoes are described as active, dormant or extinct.
火山被分为活火山，休眠火山，或者死火山。
The soldier was killed, but the train was saved.
这位战士牺牲了，然而列车得救了。
He was thought to be clever but dishonest.
他被认为很聪明但不诚实。
The first zoological garden in the United States was established in 1874.
美国的第一个动物园是1874年建立的。
Families were often broken up; wives were taken away from their hu *** ands and children from their parents.
家庭总是被拆散，丈夫失去妻子，父母失去孩子。
The information is urgently needed.
急需这个资料。
Most environmental problems exist because adequate measures for preventing them were not taken in the past.
多数环境污染问题的存在是因为过去没有采取适当的保护措施。
完成时态
“havedone”，被动将“been”加中间。
（过去完成时“had done”也包括在内）。
例：
1、主动：We have studied English for 3 years at the spare-time school.
被动：English has been studied by us for 3 years at the spare-time school.（“have”随新主语变为“has”）
我们已经在学校里学了三年英语了。
2、主动：They had produced 100 tractors by the end of last year.
被动：100 tractors had been produced by the end of last year.
到去年年底他们已生产出一百台拖拉机。
3、主动：They have set up a power station in their home town.
被动：A power station has been set up in their home town.
他们的家乡建立了一座发电站。
4、主动：They have warned us to be careful of rats.
被动：We have been warned to be careful of rats by them.
他们已提醒我们要注意老鼠。
5、主动：People have piled plastic bags full of rubbish in streets.
被动： Plastic bags full of rubbish have been piled in streets.
人们把装满垃圾的塑料袋子堆放在街上。
6、主动：We have used nuclear energy to produce electricity.
被动：Nuclear energy has been used to produce electricity by us.
核能被我们用来发电。
7、主动：No one has ever beaten him at tennis.
被动：He has never been beaten at tennis.
就网球来说还没有人是他的对手。
（“No one”涉及到全否定和部分否定问题，见否定一讲）
The person who owns the gun may try to deny that he has used it. But anyone seeing the*** oke knows the gun has just been fired.
有枪的人可能会试图否认他开了枪。但是任何看到枪冒的烟的人都会知道他刚才开了枪。
Today is Cilia's wedding day, she has just been married to Bob.
今天是西丽亚的新婚日，她刚刚和鲍勃结婚。
The subjects of these lectures have been announced by the lecture committee.
演讲委员会已宣布了这些讲演的题目。
过去完成时也是一样：
主动：Somebody had cleaned my shoes.
被动：My shoes had been cleaned by somebody.
有人已把我的鞋子擦了。
主动：When I returned I found that they had towed (tow) my car away, I asked why they had done this and they told me that it was because I had parked it under a "No Parking Sign".